Sulphuric acid is one of the most widely produced and used industrial chemicals in the world. Known for its highly corrosive and dehydrating properties, this colourless liquid plays a vital role in manufacturing, agriculture, and engineering. Its versatility makes it indispensable in processes ranging from fertiliser production to advanced metal finishing, so let’s explore five of the most common industrial applications of sulphuric acid.
1. Fertiliser production
By far the largest use of sulphuric acid globally is in producing fertilisers. It is a key ingredient in the manufacture of phosphate-based fertilisers, such as superphosphate and ammonium sulphate. These fertilisers support commercial agriculture by enriching soil with essential nutrients, helping to improve crop yields and sustain food production for growing populations.
2. Metal processing
Sulphuric acid is essential in metalworking, particularly for cleaning and preparing metals. In a process known as pickling, it removes rust, scale, and other impurities from steel and iron surfaces before further treatment or coating. It is also widely used in aluminium finishing, including sulphuric acid anodising, which enhances the corrosion resistance and aesthetic finish of aluminium components used in construction, aerospace, and electronics.
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3. Battery manufacture
Often called ‘battery acid’, sulphuric acid is a critical component of lead-acid batteries. In these batteries, commonly found in cars and heavy machinery, it acts as an electrolyte, enabling the chemical reactions that store and release electrical energy. Without sulphuric acid, these reliable and affordable batteries would not function.
4. Chemical production
Sulphuric acid is a starting material for producing many other important chemicals, including hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and various sulphates. It is also used in manufacturing detergents, dyes, and synthetic resins, making it a cornerstone of the chemical industry.
5. Cleaning and maintenance
Due to its strong acidic nature, sulphuric acid is used in industrial and domestic cleaning products. It is particularly effective at breaking down blockages in drains and pipes, making it a common ingredient in drain cleaners and other heavy-duty cleaning agents.
